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The Essential Role of Accountability and Youth in Achieving Lasting Peace in the Western Balkans

30/07/2024

By Edita Velic

Coming from the Western Balkans, particularly Bosnia and Herzegovina, I witness first-hand the daily struggles of a region where war wounds are still fresh and conflict remains a constant threat. Hatred, often fuelled by politicians, permeates our society. A critical question we must address is the accountability of those in power—politicians and opinion leaders whose voices shape public perception. Without accountable leadership, achieving lasting peace remains a distant dream.

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Dayton Peace Agreement will celebrate its 30th anniversary next year. Despite this milestone, true peace remains elusive, and recent events have reignited old tensions. The recent UN resolution on genocide, for instance, has sparked new arguments within my country and the region. This underscores a fundamental truth: peace cannot flourish without leaders committed to accountability and reconciliation.

Young people bear the burden of past generations’ conflicts, yet they also carry the potential for change. Within the Western Balkans, young political leaders from various backgrounds cooperate daily, demonstrating that collaboration is possible despite the divisive rhetoric of senior politicians. Historical examples show that significant progress can be made when leaders take responsibility for transforming conflict into cooperation. The European Union, born from the devastation of World War II, stands as a testament to this potential. It is a beacon of diversity and peace, illustrating how former enemies can become allies.

We must honour and learn from those who have suffered the most, like the mothers of Srebrenica. Despite losing their families, they continue to advocate for peace, refusing to perpetuate hatred. Their example is a powerful reminder that reconciliation is possible and that future generations must build on their legacy of peace.

One initiative that highlights the potential of youth in peacebuilding is the Youth Council of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, organised by the Regional Cooperation Council. Young people involved in this project have raised critical issues, such as mental health, affected by the daily narratives of conflict and division. Acknowledging these issues is the first step towards creating a healthier, more peaceful society.

Change is happening, albeit slowly. Some areas are experiencing fewer overt conflicts, though tension remains in others. It is crucial to recognise and address these dynamics, ensuring that progress is not undone by new provocations. Imposing laws, such as those criminalising genocide denial, though controversial, have contributed to this progress. These measures, while imperfect, are steps towards ensuring accountability and promoting reconciliation.

Civil society plays a vital role in this transformation. Educational reforms are essential, particularly in a country where curricula differ drastically between entities. In some areas, war criminals are taught as heroes, perpetuating division and conflict. To build a peaceful future, young people need education that fosters understanding and reconciliation, not one that glorifies past atrocities.

Achieving lasting peace in the Western Balkans requires accountable leadership and the active participation of youth. We must draw on historical lessons and honour those who have suffered, using their experiences to guide our path forward. By promoting intergenerational dialogue, educational reform, and the active involvement of young leaders, we can transform the region from one of conflict to one of lasting peace. The journey is challenging, but with commitment and cooperation, it is within our reach.

Edita Velić is a youth activist and former chairperson of the Assembly of Bosnian-Podrinje Canton Goražde