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Policy Options and Analysis on Central Issues of Concern in Kosovo-Serbia Dispute Resolution

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On behalf of the Joint Civil Society Mechanism for Normalization.

In 2023, the Institute joined forces with leading CSOs and independent experts in Kosovo and Serbia to establish a bespoke Civil Society Mechanism for Normalization. This set of working papers is a product of this ongoing collaboration. Each paper offers a wealth of information and thoroughly researched suggestions for how the normalization process can deliver tangible benefits for all stakeholders. Collectively, the papers offer the possibility for a fundamental shift in the conduct of the Dialogue that would de-block the process and ensure its uninterrupted flow:

Paper: Foreword

The first paper provides a comprehensive overview of the state of play regarding all Dialogue agreements and offers a road map to break the current impasse with clear timelines and incentives. Key priorities include implementing the 2023 agreement commitments, addressing citizen needs, removing trade barriers, and normalizing relations in northern Kosovo.

Paper: Normalization of Kosovo-Serbia Relations: State of Play

The second paper outlines the key lessons learned from the Dialogue process thus far. It is meant to inform and advise the next stage of the Dialogue and normalization, providing a formula for a shifted EU approach that would substantially increase the chance of success. The recommendations centre around a shift from ‘constructive ambiguity’ to ‘constructive clarity’ with clear action plans and penalties for non-compliance.

Paper: EU-Facilitated Normalization Dialogue between Kosovo and Serbia: Lessons for the Next Stage

The third paper focuses on restoring normalization in northern Kosovo. Crucial to this would be establishing a dialogue forum between the Kosovo government and northern Kosovo Serb representatives to build community trust and create functional solutions. The paper offers substantive guidance for the development of a comprehensive normalization plan, addressing key areas like elections, police reintegration, judicial reinstatement, and land expropriation.

Paper: What is next in Northern Kosovo?

The fourth paper offers detailed ideas for ensuring that the recently launched Western Balkans Growth Facility can also be leveraged to advance normalisation between Kosovo and Serbia in order to truly re-energize the EU accession process for the region as a whole.

Paper: The EU Growth Plan as a Tool for Normalization of Relations between Serbia and Kosovo

The fifth paper addresses the challenges related to the establishment of a Common Regional Market (CRM) from the point of view of the agreements on recognition of professional qualifications. The chapter provides an overview of how the agreements were developed and their intended purpose, illustrating the significant gains of the CRM and consequently losses from its non-implementation.

Paper: Recognition of Professional Qualifications under the Western Balkans Common Regional Market: State of Play and Potentials Lost from Non-Implementation

The sixth paper focuses on the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans to resolve energy security and environmental issues in Kosovo while fostering regional cooperation and conflict resolution, particularly between Kosovo and Serbia. It outlines a comprehensive development plan aimed at achieving sustainable carbon neutrality through regional energy integration, decarbonization, and renewable energy projects. The agenda emphasizes the need for collaboration between EU institutions, local stakeholders, and regional actors to address energy poverty, pollution, and economic challenges, with a focus on building infrastructure, enhancing regional energy markets, and creating employment opportunities.

Paper: The Green Agenda for the Western Balkans: Energy Security, Regional Cooperation, and Sustainable Development in Kosovo

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